In plain terms. The No Electronic Theft Act of 1997 closed a loophole by criminalizing willful copyright infringement even where the infringer derives no commercial gain. It expanded criminal liability for digital distribution of copyrighted works.
Citation. Pub. L. 105-147 (Dec. 16, 1997); 17 U.S.C. § 506; 18 U.S.C. § 2319.